What are the Symptoms of HMPV?

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Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a lesser-known respiratory virus that affects individuals of all ages. While the majority of cases result in mild, cold-like symptoms, it can occasionally lead to serious complications, especially in vulnerable groups such as infants, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems.

What Are the Symptoms of HMPV?

HMPV infections typically mimic common respiratory illnesses, making it challenging to distinguish from the flu or common cold without specific testing. Common symptoms include:

  • Cough: Persistent and often dry.
  • Runny or Stuffy Nose: Nasal congestion is one of the first signs.
  • Sore Throat: A mild discomfort in the throat.
  • Fever: Not always present but can indicate the body is fighting the virus.
    For most individuals, these symptoms resolve within 7–10 days without medical intervention. However, some people, particularly those in high-risk categories, may develop severe respiratory conditions.

Severe Complications

  • Wheezing or Difficulty Breathing: Narrowed airways leading to audible breathing issues.
  • Bronchiolitis: Inflammation of the small air passages in the lungs, particularly affecting young children.
  • Pneumonia: A lung infection causing chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing.

People with underlying respiratory conditions, like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), may experience a worsening of their symptoms during HMPV infections.

How Does HMPV Spread?

HMPV primarily spreads through respiratory droplets released into the air when an infected individual sneezes or coughs, similar to other respiratory viruses. Additionally, touching surfaces contaminated with the virus and then touching your face can also lead to infection.

Tips for Prevention

Although no vaccine exists for HMPV, the following measures can reduce your risk of contracting or spreading the virus:

  • Avoid Close Contact with Sick Individuals: This is particularly important for high-risk individuals.
  • Clean and Disinfect Surfaces: Especially those frequently touched, like doorknobs and mobile devices.
  • Wear Masks in Crowded Areas: Masks help minimize the spread of respiratory droplets.

Current Global Concerns

Recent outbreaks of HMPV, particularly in regions like China and India, have raised alarm due to overwhelmed hospitals and rapid spread. Health authorities are closely monitoring these outbreaks and urging the public to follow preventive measures.

When to Seek Medical Help

If symptoms worsen or severe signs such as difficulty breathing, persistent high fever, or extreme fatigue develop, seek immediate medical attention. Timely treatment is especially critical for high-risk groups.

 

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